近日，商务部网站刊发《十六大以来商务成就综述之十二：妥善应对贸易摩擦有效运用救济措施》。报告显示，党的十六大以来，商务部认真贯彻落实党中央和国务院的决策部署，积极运用国际经贸规则坚决维护国家、产业和企业利益，在营造良好外贸环境、维护产业发展方面取得显著成效。

recently,The ministry of commerce web site publish[Since the sixteenth congress in business achievement of the twelve:Properly to deal with trade conflicts effectively make use of the relief measures].The report shows that,Since the 16th CPC national congress,The ministry of commerce conscientiously implement the party central committee and the state council's decision deployment,To use the international economic and trade rules resolutely safeguard the state/Industry and enterprise benefit,Create a good environment in foreign trade/Maintenance industry development achieved remarkable results.

　　一、妥善应对贸易摩擦

a/Properly deal with trade friction

　　2003年-2012年9月，中国共遭受国外贸易救济调查案件758起，涉案金额684亿美元。中国已连续17年成为全球遭受反倾销调查最多的国家，连续6年成为全球遭受反补贴调查最多的国家。妥善应对贸易摩擦是营造良好外贸发展环境的客观要求，对维护国家发展的重要战略机遇期具有重要作用。经过多年探索，公平贸易工作形成了以“四体联动”工作机制为基础、纵向联动、横向配合、高效运转的综合应对体系。

2003 - September 2012,China has suffered from foreign trade remedy investigation case 758,Involving a value of $68.4 billion.China has become a global continuous 17 years from the country with the most anti-dumping investigation,Continuous 6 years become a global suffer countervailing investigation most populous nation.Properly deal with trade friction is to create a good environment of foreign trade development the objective request,The maintenance national development period of important strategic opportunities, plays an important role.Through years of exploration,Fair trade work formed a"Four linkage"Working mechanism as the foundation/Longitudinal linkage/Transverse fit/The high efficiency running of comprehensive response system.

　　内外兼修，完善机制。对内，在“四体联动”工作机制下，商务部（包括驻外经商机构）、地方商务主管部门、商协会和有关企业形成了群策群力、共同参与、相互协作的应对体系。商务部统筹协调中央和地方有关部门、商协会及有关企业开展贸易摩擦应对工作，提供有针对性的指导与服务。地方商务主管部门联系本地区涉案企业，协助提供信息服务和应对支持。商协会组织企业积极应诉，提供信息、培训、咨询、协调等服务。企业运用世贸规则，积极应对国外贸易救济调查及贸易壁垒。对外，推动建立双边和区域贸易救济合作机制，与美国、欧盟、加拿大、俄罗斯、印度、韩国、土耳其、阿根廷、巴西、澳大利亚、南非、埃及等17个贸易伙伴建立了双边贸易救济合作机制，目前正在拓展与“金砖国家”、欧亚经济共同体和海合会等组织建立贸易救济合作机制，重点就贸易救济调查中有关规则的理解和运用问题开展对话和磋商，增信释疑，减少分歧，化解摩擦。

Inside and outside and repair,Perfect the mechanism.internal,in"Four linkage"Work mechanism,The ministry of commerce(Including overseas business institutions)/Local competent commerce departments/Association and relevant enterprises to form the work/participation/The answer of the cooperation system.The ministry of commerce overall coordination of the central and local authorities/Association and relevant enterprises to trade friction work,Provide effective guidance and services.Local departments responsible for commercial affairs involving relate this local enterprise,Assist to provide information service and deal with support.Association organization enterprise actively appearance,To provide information/training/consulting/Coordination service.Enterprise using the wto rules,Coping with foreign trade remedy investigation and trade barriers.foreign,Promote the establishment of bilateral and regional trade relief cooperation mechanism,And the United States/The European Union/Canada/Russia/India/South Korea/Turkey/Argentina/Brazil/Australia/South Africa/Egypt 17 trade partners established bilateral trade relief cooperation mechanism,Is currently expanding and"Nuggets countries"/Eurasian economic community and HaiGeHui organization such as establishing trade relief cooperation mechanism,The trade remedy investigation relevant rules of the understanding and application to conduct dialogue and consultation,Credit disabuse,Reduce differences,Defuse friction.

　　2010年欧盟对中国无线数据卡“双反”案以及今年光伏产品的贸易摩擦案件中，国家领导人的高层政治交涉在应对工作中起到了重要作用。商务部会同有关部门，通过交涉磋商，已有81个国家地区承认了中国市场经济地位，降低了企业应诉难度。

In 2010 the European Union on China's wireless data card"Double reverse"This year and the photovoltaic products trade friction cases,National leaders high-level political bargaining in dealing with work plays an important role.The ministry of commerce in conjunction with the relevant departments,Through the bargaining negotiations,More than 81 countries and regions to admit that the China's market economy status,To reduce the difficulty of enterprise appearance.

　　二是法律抗辩。

The second is legal defense.

　　在贸易救济调查程序中积极开展法律抗辩，在欧盟冷轧不锈钢板和镀锌板反倾销案，美国紧固件、镀锌钢丝和钢制轮毂“双反”等案中取得完胜，保住了出口市场份额，稳住了大量就业，提振了企业信心。利用世贸争端解决机制和调查国司法诉讼制度挑战美欧滥用贸易救济措施取得重大成果，诉美国钢铁保障措施案、标准钢管、矩形钢管、非公路用轮胎、复合编织袋“双反”案和诉欧盟紧固件、皮鞋反倾销案等世贸争端案件，在欧盟法院诉欧盟对我出口草甘膦、橘子罐头、对甲酚、熨衣板、无缝钢管等反倾销案中以及在美国法院诉美对我出口非公路用轮胎等双反案，苹果汁、暖水虾反倾销案中均获胜。

In trade remedy investigation program actively carry out legal defense,In the European Union cold-rolled stainless steel plate and galvanized sheet anti-dumping case,The United States fasteners/Galvanized steel wire and steel wheel hub"Double reverse"In the case, such as obtain victory over,Keep the export market share,I tried another method employment,Boost the enterprise confidence.Use of wto dispute settlement mechanism and survey countries judicial lawsuit system challenge us and European abuse of trade remedy measures made great achievements,V. the American steel and safeguard measures of the case/Standard steel pipe/Rectangular steel tube/Off-highway tire/Composite woven bag"Double reverse"Case and v. the eu fasteners/Leather shoes, such as anti-dumping case the wto dispute case,The European court in the European Union to cause I export glyphosate/Orange canned/P cresol/Ironing board/Seamless steel pipe, etc anti-dumping case and in the us court v. beauty is right I export off-highway tires and other double reverse case,Apple juice/Warm water shrimp anti-dumping case all win.

　　三是业界合作。

The third is the industry cooperation.

　　推动中外产业合作，促进互利共赢是化解贸易摩擦的重要途径。土耳其陶瓷等8种产品、欧盟无线数据卡案、墨西哥鞋产品特保案、阿根廷注射器反倾销案、巴西柠檬酸反倾销案等均通过业界合作方式成功化解了摩擦。四是壁垒调查。为维护企业和产业合法利益，商务部从2003年起发布年度《国别贸易投资环境报告》，建立了完备的预警信息发布体系；积极指导企业做好美国337调查应对工作；不断完善贸易壁垒调查制度，先后对日本紫菜进口管理措施、美国可再生能源扶持政策及补贴措施进行了贸易壁垒调查。

Promote Chinese and foreign industry cooperation,Promoting mutual benefit and win-win results through trade friction is an important way of.Turkey ceramic, etc. 8 kinds of products/The European Union wireless data card case/Mexico shoes products safeguard case/Argentina syringe anti-dumping case/Brazil citric acid anti-dumping case all through the industry cooperation method successfully resolve the friction.The fourth is barriers investigation.In order to safeguard the legitimate interests of enterprise and industry,The ministry of commerce released since 2003 year[Country trade and investment environment report],Establishing a complete early warning information release system;Actively guide enterprise to carry out the United States 337 survey work to deal with;Constantly improve trade barrier investigation system,Successively in Japan laver imported management measures/The United States renewable energy policy support and subsidy measures trade barrier investigation.

　　二、有效运用贸易救济措施

two/Effective use trade relief measures

　　贸易救济措施是维护产业安全、促进产业发展、提升产业竞争力的重要手段。按照WTO统计方法，2003年-2012年9月，我国共对外发起反倾销调查案件131起，反补贴调查案件5起，涉及进口金额近200亿美元。被调查产品涉及化工、轻工、钢铁、造纸、电子、纺织、机械、医药、汽车、农产品等十大产业的60余类产品，涉案企业两百多家，分布在全国27个省区市。

Trade relief measures is to maintain the industrial safety/Promote industrial development/Improve the competitiveness of the industry an important means.According to WTO statistics method,2003 - September 2012,Our country common foreign anti-dumping investigations into case 131,Countervailing investigation case 5 up,Involving imports amounted to nearly 20 billion us dollars.Product under investigation involved in chemical industry/Light industry/Iron and steel/paper/electronic/textile/mechanical/medicine/car/Agricultural product and so on ten big industry more than 60 products,More than two hundred enterprises involved in home,Distribution in the national 27 between provincial.

　　2003年以来，贸易救济工作取得长足进步。一是完善法律法规体系。十年来，我们逐步建立和完善了以《对外贸易法》为基础、以《反倾销条例》、《反补贴条例》和《保障措施条例》为核心、涵盖26项部门规章和2部最高法院司法解释的中国贸易救济法律法规体系。

Since 2003,Trade relief work has made great progress.One is the perfect legal laws and regulations system.Ten years,We gradually establish and perfect the[Foreign trade law]based/to[Antidumping regulation]/[Countervailing regulation]and[Safeguards regulations]As the core/Covers 26 item department regulations and 2 of the Supreme Court judicial interpretation of Chinese trade relief laws and regulations system.

　　二是贸易救济措施不断丰富。过去贸易救济调查仅限于反倾销，较为单一。自2010年起，商务部开始对美欧进口产品的“双反”调查，丰富了贸易救济调查实践。中国已成为能够采用反倾销、反补贴和保障措施三种贸易救济措施的少数世贸成员。

The second is unceasingly rich trade relief measures.The past trade remedy investigation is limited to anti-dumping,Is relatively single.Since 2010,The ministry of commerce of the us and Europe began to import products"Double reverse"survey,Rich trade remedy investigation practice.China has become able to use anti-dumping/Countervailing and safeguard measures of three trade relief measures minority member of the wto.

　　三是贸易救济范围不断扩大。过去贸易救济调查产品多集中在钢铁、化工等传统行业，近年来逐步扩展到农业、医药和高科技产品等领域。例如，2010年，对欧盟马铃薯淀粉发起“双反”调查，国内马铃薯淀粉生产形势明显改善，惠及10省区、近6000万薯农。

The third is expanded trade relief.The past trade remedy investigation product is centered in the iron and steel/Chemical and other traditional industries,In recent years gradually expanded to agriculture/Medicine and high-tech products, etc.For example,In 2010,,The European Union potato starch initiated"Double reverse"survey,Domestic potato starch production situation obviously improved,Benefit 10 provinces/Nearly 60 million potato farmers.

　　四是救济效果不断彰显。贸易救济措施有效遏制了国外企业低价占领我国市场的行为，国内企业产品销量显著增加，受损企业效益好转，弱势产业赢得发展时间和空间，还吸引部分跨国公司来华投资，促进了产业结构调整升级。

The fourth is relief effect continuously reveal.Trade relief measures effectively the foreign enterprise at a low price in our country occupation market behavior,The domestic enterprise product sales volume increased significantly,The damaged enterprise benefits to improve,The weak industry win development time and space,Also attract the multinational companies to invest part,Promote the adjustment of industrial structure upgrade.

　　十年来，中国始终坚持严格依法依规调查，客观、公正、合理实施贸易救济措施。有国外学者指出，中国是以推动贸易自由化而非贸易保护主义的取向来阐释反倾销规则，并正在成为负责任、守规则的国际社会成员。

Ten years,China insists always on the need in strict accordance with the investigation in accordance with the rules,objective/justice/Reasonable implementation trade relief measures.Foreign scholars have pointed out,China is promoting the liberalization of trade and non-trade protectionism to interpret the orientation of the anti-dumping rules,And is becoming responsible/Keep the rules of the international social members.

　　三、积极参与国际规则谈判制定

three/Actively participates in the international rules for negotiations

　　以反倾销和反补贴为主要内容的世贸组织多哈回合规则谈判和自由贸易协定项下的贸易救济条款谈判，对中国在国际贸易规则制定和国家经济利益方面意义重大。为维护国家和产业利益，中方全程、深度参与了上述规则谈判，取得积极成果。

To anti-dumping and countervailing as the main contents of the wto doha round negotiations and free trade agreement rules of trade remedies clause negotiations,For China in the international trade rules formulated and national economic interests is of great significance.In order to safeguard the interests of nation and industry,The Chinese/Depth to participate in the above rules negotiation,Achieve positive results.

　　多哈回合规则谈判重点是对现行世贸《反倾销协定》、《补贴与反补贴措施协定》进行澄清和改进，各成员均高度重视。2003年以来，中方参加谈判近40次，坚持以“澄清和改进规则、加严纪律、防止滥用、反映各方利益”为立场，以“抑制贸易保护主义，争取公平国际贸易环境”为目标。通过不懈努力，中方主要取得三方面进展：一是维护了国家和企业利益，争取了有利的规则环境；二是提升了参与制定规则的能力，增强了国际话语权；三是拓展了贸易谈判视野，提高了规则谈判技巧。

The doha round negotiations rules focus is on the current world trade[Anti-dumping agreement]/[Subsidies and countervailing measures agreement]To clarify and improvement,Each member all attach great importance to.Since 2003,The Chinese take part in the talks nearly 40 times,Adhere to the"Clarification and improve rules/Tightened discipline/To prevent abuse of/Reflect the interests of"For position,to"Inhibition of trade protectionism,For a fair international trade environment"As the goal.Through unremitting efforts,The Chinese side has mainly three aspects of progress:One is to maintain the state and enterprise benefit,For the advantageous environment rules;The second is to enhance the ability to participate in making rules,To enhance the international discourse right;The third is expand the view of trade negotiations,Improve the rules negotiation skills.

　　此外，按照自贸区谈判进程，完成了与10个国家（地区）自贸区协定中贸易救济条款的谈判，正在推进与6个国家（地区）的谈判。根据不同谈判对象的贸易和产业结构以及与中国的经贸合作现状，商务部广泛征求产业意见，精心制定谈判方案。对于生效的自贸区协定，商务部积极协调做好贸易救济条款的执行工作。

In addition,According to the free trade negotiation process,Complete with 10 countries(area)Free trade agreement in terms of trade remedy negotiations,Are advance and six countries(area)negotiations.According to the different negotiations object's trade and industry structure and economic and trade cooperation with China situation,The ministry of commerce extensively solicit the opinion industry,Carefully planned negotiation scheme.For the effect of free trade agreements,Mofcom actively coordinate the implementation of trade remedies clause.

　　四、大力开展队伍人才培训

four/To develop team training

　　2003年以来，为建设高素质专业化人才队伍，商务部按照“统筹规划、改革创新、按需施训、注重实效”的原则，长期坚持培训地方商务主管部门、驻外经商机构、行业组织和企业等单位人员。先后在18个省市举办培训班30余次，培训人员超过3000人次，提升了全国公平贸易工作人员的整体素质，宣传和普及了公平贸易知识，提高了产业和企业运用国际规则维护权益的意识和能力。

Since 2003,To build high quality professional talent team,According to the ministry of commerce"Overall planning/Reform and innovation/According to the needs ShiXun/pragmatic"principle,Insist for a long time training local departments responsible for commercial affairs/Overseas business institutions/Industry organizations and enterprises, and other units personnel.Successively in 18 provinces and cities holding training more than 30 times,Training staff more than 3000 people,Improve the fair trade work personnel's overall quality,Propaganda and popularization of the fair trade knowledge,Improve the industry and the enterprise USES the international rules the awareness of right maintenance and ability.