为了更准确反映全球化时代国际贸易现状，经合组织与世贸组织经过多年合作，16日推出了全球贸易测算新方法附加值贸易测算法。按照此方法，中美贸易顺差将缩水25%。经合组织秘书长古里亚说，这一测算法将改变人们传统的贸易观。

In order to more accurately reflect the age of globalization international trade status,The oecd and the world trade organization (wto) after many years of cooperation,16 introduced a new method of global trade measure value trade measure method.According to this method,China's trade surplus will shrink by 25%.The oecd secretary-general kori and said,This calculation method will change people's traditional view of trade.

　　“附加值”令中国顺差大缩水

"Added value"Make China's surplus big shrink

　　“附加值”是指一件产品由于劳动力补偿、关税或利润等产生高于原有价值的新价值。举例来说，韩国向中国出口100美元自产商品，中国在对该商品加工后，以110美元的价格再出口美国。按照传统的国际贸易统计方法，中国对美国产生了110美元顺差，而美韩间并无贸易关系。而按照附加值贸易统计法，韩国对美国产生了100美元顺差，而中国对美国只产生10美元顺差。

"Added value"Refers to a product as the Labour compensation/Tariffs or profit and produce higher than the original value of the new value.For example,South Korea the export to China $100 produced goods,In China for the goods after processing,With the price of 110 dollar to export the United States.According to the traditional international trade statistics method,China to the United States had 110 dollar surplus,And the United States and South Korea and no trade relations between.And according to value-added trade statistics,South Korea to the United States had 100 dollar surplus,China to the United States makes ten dollars surplus.

　　由于全球形成产业链，一些工业制成品在生产过程中有可能多次跨越国界，而不再是原有意义上的出口和进口。按照传统统计方法，出口被视为有利于促进GDP，而进口对GDP是负贡献。但按照附加值贸易统计法，进口是出口的促进因素，在多数经济体中，约1/3的进口都是为了出口。

Due to the formation of global industrial chain,Some manufactured goods in the process of production may have multiple across borders,And is no longer the meaning of the original import and export.According to the traditional statistical methods,Export is regarded as being beneficial to the promotion of the GDP,And import to GDP is negative contribution.But in accordance with the added value trade statistics,Import export stimuli,In most economies,About a third of the import to export.

　　苹果手机是使“附加值贸易”这一概念得以流行的一个例子。亚洲开发银行的报告显示，2009年，中国在苹果手机贸易上对美出口值约为20亿美元，若以附加值测算，中国在这一贸易上对美出口额实际仅为7300万美元；而中国当年也从美国进口1.215亿美元苹果手机零部件，若以附加值测算，中国在这项贸易上对美实际存在4800万美元的贸易逆差，而不是顺差。

Iphone is made"Value-added trade"This concept to popular an example.The Asian development bank's report,In 2009,,China in the iphone trade export to the United States is about 2 billion dollars,If added value calculation,China in the trade on beauty exports actual only $73 million;While in China the imports from the United States also $121.5 million iphone parts,If added value calculation,China in the trade to the real 48 million dollar trade deficit,Instead of surplus.

　　经合组织秘书长古里亚在新闻发布会上说，按照附加值测算，2009年中国对美贸易顺差大约“缩水”25%，其中一个重要原因是美国附加值的进口占较大比重。

The oecd secretary-general kori and said at a news conference,According to the added value calculation,In 2009, China's trade surplus with the us about"shrink"25%,One of the important reasons is the added value accounts for a bigger slice of import.

　　贸易壁垒扰乱国际产业链

Trade barriers disrupt the international industrial chain

　　经合组织贸易政策高级分析师塞巴斯蒂安·米鲁多说，附加值贸易测算法有助于更好地理解国际产业链，有助于理解一个国家在国际产业链中的地位。以电子行业为例，中国制造电子产品中只有60%是在中国国内产生的价值，而这60%大部分是劳动力价值。这就是说中国仍处于国际产业链的工业加工环节。而以一些原材料生产国为例，它们在出口原材料之后，就不再参与国际产业链，也就不再产生附加值。

The oecd trade policy senior analysts Sebastian MiLu said,Added value trade measure method helps to better understand international industrial chain,Help to understand a nation in the international industrial chain in the position.In the electronics industry as an example,China's manufacturing electronic products is only 60% in China's domestic produce value,And this 60% mostly labor value.This means that China is still in the international industrial chain of industrial processing link.And with some raw material producers as an example,They are after export raw materials,It is no longer participate in the international industrial chain,Also will no longer produce added value.

　　米鲁多说，新的统计方法也可清晰地显示出“自由贸易”的重要性，因为一国贸易和国内经济政策将不仅影响其直接贸易伙伴，还将通过国际产业链传导到整个国际市场。相反，贸易壁垒不仅对一个国家的竞争力产生巨大不利影响，而且有可能扰乱甚至中断国际产业链。国际贸易谈判需要正视这些新的现实，各国政府也需要采取措施帮助出口企业更好管理其在国际价值链中的地位。

MiLu say more,A new statistical method can also be clearly showed"Free trade"The importance of,Because one country trade and domestic economic policy will affect not only the direct trading partner,Will also through the international industrial chain transmission to the international market.instead,Trade barriers not only to a country's competitiveness has great adverse effect,And may disrupt even interrupt the international industrial chain.International trade negotiations need to face up to the new reality,Governments also need to take measures to help the export enterprises better management of the value chain in the international status.

　　在新闻发布会上，中美之间的贸易顺差和汇率问题成为记者关注的话题。对此，古里亚强调说：“今天我们需要思考的是"世界制造"，汇率在国际贸易中的重要性和关联性要小得多。”拉米则表示，附加值贸易数据库显示，过多关注双边贸易的盈与亏“没有意义”。出口国通过汇率来加强竞争力的想法在国际产业链越来越复杂的背景下是不真实的。

In the press conference,Sino-us trade surplus and exchange rate problems become the subject of a reporter.this,Kori and stressed:"Today we need to think about is"The world manufacturing",Exchange rate in the international trade of the importance and relevance are much smaller."Lam, said,Added value trade database display,Too much focus on bilateral trade surplus and deficit"No meaning".Exporter through the exchange rate to strengthen the competitiveness of the idea in the international industrial chain is more and more complicated background is not true.

　　新方法有助于重估贸易失衡

The new method can help to revaluation trade imbalances

　　古里亚和拉米共同呼吁各国支持附加值贸易测算法，认为新的统计方法将帮助各国政府制定更符合国家利益的贸易政策。两大组织也还将采取后续行动。经合组织预计在今年5月发布一份有关全球价值链与贸易政策的报告，而世贸组织将于7月在瑞士日内瓦讨论贸易政策支持的问题。

Kori and common and lam urged countries support added value trade measure method,Thought that a new statistical method will help governments make more accord with the interests of the state trade policies.Two big organization also will also take follow-up action.The oecd estimates in May this year to publish a global value chain and the trade policy report,And the world trade organization (wto) will be in July in Geneva to discuss trade policy support problem.

　　分析人士认为，附加值贸易测算法出台有其必然性和必要性。一方面，近年来国际贸易失衡问题成为二十国集团内部争论焦点，在全球化和国际分工日益发展的条件下，传统的贸易统计方法也显现出弊端；另一方面，拉米近年来多次呼吁适应国际分工性质的变化改变衡量贸易流量的方法，用出口附加值来对国际贸易进行测算。

Analysts believe that,Added value calculation method on trade has its inevitability and necessity.On the one hand,In recent years, international trade imbalances become two group of ten internal debate focus,In the globalization and international division of labor development conditions,The traditional trade statistics method also show defects;On the other hand,Lam in recent years have repeatedly called on to adapt to the change of international division of labor property change measure trade flow method,With export added value to the method of international trade.

　　国际投入产出协会副主席、国民经济核算专家郭杰民说：“用附加值来测算国际贸易是一个新的统计方法，它有助于各国重新评估贸易失衡问题，是一项有益的尝试。”但他同时也指出，关于附加值贸易统计法的研究刚起步，仅涵盖了40个国家的18大产业。这一方法离最终得到国际公认和普遍采用还有很长一段路要走。

International input-output association vice President/The national economic accounting experts GuoJieMin said:"With added value to measure the international trade is a new statistical method,It helps countries to evaluate trade imbalances,Is a beneficial attempt."But he also pointed out,Trade statistics about the added value of the research has just started,Covers only forty countries and industries.This method from finally to obtain the internationally recognized widely used and there is still a long way to go.

　　米鲁多也指出，即使附加值贸易测算法得到广泛应用，它也只是一个工具，将对各国贸易政策的制定以及国际贸易规则的制定与谈判发挥参考作用，但并不能直接改变贸易政策或贸易规则。

More than MiLu also pointed out,Even if the added value trade measure method widely used,It is just a tool,To the international trade policy formulation and the international trade rules formulation and negotiations reference play,But can't be directly change the trade policy or trade rules.